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What is the normal range for eye pressure?

Typical eye pressure is between 10 and 20 mmHg. Eye pressure associated with glaucoma is usually higher than 21 mmHg, but in some people, eye damage can develop with higher or lower pressure. The front part of the eye is filled with a clear fluid called aqueous humor. This fluid gives the eye its shape and nourishes its cells. An imbalance in the amount of fluid inside the eye can lead to potentially dangerous high or low eye pressure.

Doctors use a unit of measurement called millimeters of mercury to measure eye pressure. According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, typical eye pressure is between 10 and 20 mmHg. Variations in eye pressure often do not cause symptoms until optic nerve damage is more advanced. However, regular eye exams can help detect pressure changes before complications develop.

Why is eye pressure important?

Maintaining normal eye pressure is crucial because abnormal values can damage the delicate structures of the eye. Too high eye pressure range compresses the optic nerve and causes long-term damage.

Low eye pressure, although less common, can also cause problems. It can lead to blurred vision or indicate an underlying problem, such as trauma or complications from previous eye surgery.

Regular checkups with an ophthalmologist, including a thorough eye exam, can help identify and treat any changes in eye pressure.

How is eye pressure measured?

• Drops are applied to the eyes to numb them.
• The doctor or their assistant then gently touches the front surface of the eye with a device that emits a blue light. Sometimes, another hand-held instrument is used.
• Both methods apply gentle pressure to the eye. By observing the reaction of the eye's surface, the ophthalmologist can measure internal pressure.
• During this examination, it is very helpful to relax and breathe normally.

Eye pressure is different for each person, and there is no single correct measurement for everyone. Generally, the normal range is between 10 and 21 mmHg.

Most people with glaucoma have eye pressure above 21 mmHg. However, some people with pressure between 10 and 21 mmHg may have glaucoma. This is called normal-tension glaucoma.

What are the signs and symptoms of ocular hypertension?

The problem with ocular hypertension is that it is usually asymptomatic. This is why it is so important to have regular eye exams. Your healthcare provider will be able to determine if your intraocular pressure is high during your exams.

In some cases, you may feel eye pain when moving or touching your eyes. While some eye problems can cause headaches or dizziness, this is usually not the case with ocular hypertension.

What causes ocular hypertension?

Causes of ocular hypertension include excessive production of fluid or a blockage or other problem in the eye's drainage system, called the anterior chamber angle. The drainage angle is located near the front of the eye, between the iris and the cornea.

An obstruction of the drainage angle causes fluid to build up and increase pressure. Causes of this accumulation may include:

•  The drainage angle is closed.
•  The anterior chamber is open, but drainage is insufficient.
•  Pigmented or protein scales are blocking the drainage angle.
•  An eye cancer is blocking the angle.
•  There has been a previous eye injury.

Eye Pressure Diagnosis and Monitoring

Eye pressure is measured through a painless procedure called tonometry. Your ophthalmologist can perform this test during a routine eye exam. It involves using a small device to measure intraocular pressure.

Other diagnostic tools can help check the health of your eyes:

• Visual field to monitor peripheral vision
• Optical coherence tomography  to examine the optic nerve .
• Pachymetry to measure corneal thickness

What happens if your eye pressure is too high or too low?

In medical terms, high blood pressure in the eye is called ocular hypertension. If left untreated, it can damage the optic nerve, which carries information from the eye to the brain. Ocular hypertension is the main cause of glaucoma.

Glaucoma is a group of conditions that cause progressive damage to the optic nerve, which can lead to permanent vision loss or blindness.

Glaucoma is associated with eye pressure above 21 mmHg, but the pressure at which eye damage occurs varies from person to person.

Low eye pressure is less common than high eye pressure. A sudden drop in pressure can damage eye tissue.

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